The Montana Standard, 1935-08-24, p.2

# "SOLUTION OF ETHIOPIAN PROBLEM MUST BE RADICAL AND CONCLUSIVE"--MUSSOLINI ## Column 1 # ITALIAN PREMIER GIVES INTERVIEW TO YANK WRITER ### Il Duce Says Negroes Have Been Hostile to Italy 40 Years. EDITOR'S NOTE: The following exclusive interview with Premier Benito Mussolini was given to Ed L. Keen, European vice president of the United Press, whose journalistic feats in Europe have been famous since before the war. By ED L. KEEN European Vice President of the United Press (Copyright, 1935, in all countries, by United Press) ROME, Aug. 23.—"A solution of the Ethiopian problem must be something radical and conclusive," Premier Benito Mussolini declared today. "Ethiopia cannot continue as a weapon—a modern weapon, not an ancient lance—pointed at Italy's heart." With those words, spoken deliberately but emphatically and with flashing eyes, Il Duce, on the eve of his departure for Northern Italy to attend the most exhaustive military maneuvers since the World war, concluded an hour's interview with the United Press in which he discussed with much frankness Italy's position in East Africa, her motives and aims and justification for her course of action. ### Detailed Interview. It was the first detailed newspaper interview he has granted since the Abyssinian situation became acute. Mussolini received me in the huge salon which he uses for an office in the historic Palazzo Venezia, just across the square from the tomb of Italy's unknown soldier. Wearing civilian clothes—a cream-colored single-breasted suit, a loosely worn silk shirt of soft beige, a dark blue and white striped tie and white shoes—he met me halfway down the room and led me to a desk at the further end. ### Picture of Health. Deeply-bronzed, he is picture of perfect health and bounding vitality. When I remarked on his cheerful appearance in the face of such compelling problems as the peace of the world and Italian-Abyssinian relations, he put his hands, high, threw back his head and said: "In my spirit at this moment lies my strength." Then he added laughingly: "I have just been swimming like a fish." As the premier talked in excellent English, I recalled our first meeting seven years ago when he had just begun learning the language. When I told him the object of my visit to Rome was to obtain first-hand information concerning Italy's purposes and the reasons for them, about which the world at large and particularly America, is puzzled and to a considerable degree critical, Mussolini said: "For the past 40 years, Ethiopia has been hostile toward Italy. In order to avoid friction, we tried to come to an understanding with her and in 1928 we signed a treaty of friendship which she has consistently disregarded. "The situation has become worse and worse. She has attacked our soldiers, killed our officials and civilians and has been preparing an army to attack us. "We have therefore decided to take precautionary measures and for this reason I have sent our soldiers to our colonies of Eritrea and Somaliland. ### Insists on Respect. "I am not an enemy of any race but I insist that Italian rights be respected by every race. That is what we intend to do in Ethiopia." "Does the policy now being pursued by Italy in East Africa endanger the Stresa front (between Italy, Britain and France) and the present European equilibrium?" I asked. "I cannot believe," he replied, "that Italy's action in Ethiopia, which partakes of a purely local and colonial character, can influence—as is asserted in some quarters—the development of the policy of European collaboration, to which it has given and is still disposed to give, entire adherence. "What could endanger the Stresa front and present European equilibrium would be the attitude of those wishing to ignore the absolute necessity of Italy's safety and expansion, and to create artificially a legend of perils to Europe that would result from a colonial campaign. "These operations of ours differ in no way from the various mili- [advertisement at column foot:] *The Right Spirit* TEACHER'S 100% SCOTCH WHISKY Sole U. S. Agents: Schieffelin & Co., New York ## Column 2 ### ENFEEBLED FALL FIGHTS EVICTION FROM HIS RANCH THREE RIVERS, N. M., Aug. 23.—(*AP*)—Albert B. Fall, broken and enfeebled, clung to his spacious ranch home today as attorneys discussed possible eviction actions. The aged former cabinet member and principal in the Teapot Dome case repeated his determination to fight any ouster attempt, as the Petroleum Securities corporation announced it had retained Vincent M. Veseley, Lovington, N. M., attorney, and that any action would be taken by him. Veseley said he was studying the statement of facts in the case but had not determined his course. ### HOUSE DUBBED AS BUNCH OF HYENAS WASHINGTON, Aug. 23.—(*AP*)—Being referred to as a "bunch of hyenas" had a calming effect on the House of Representatives. Representative Claude Fuller, presiding during a night session in which several members clamored for recognition, shouted "I'll recognize no one. There is no use of your acting like a bunch of hyenas." The confusion subsided. ### RECORD TAKEN OF 'LARGE' TEMBLOR PASADENA, CALIF., Aug. 23.—(*AP*)—An earthquake described as "large" and occurring 9,000 miles distant was recorded at 6:17.02 a. m. (P.S.T.) today. tary operations which other colonial powers have conducted in Asia and Africa. It is necessary to eliminate the firemen who would seek to spread the flames." ### Cites American Conquests Here Mussolini opened a large album lying on his desk. It was full of photographs of the devastation wrought by the British bombardment of Alexandria in 1882. Turning the leaves, he said: "You have done much the same thing in America. How did you push your frontier back? You took possession of it by force from the Indians and Mexico. "The United States consisted originally of 13 colonies on the Eastern seaboard. Now you span the continent." This seemed a good place to change the subject, so I asked Il Duce about Italy and the League of Nations. "What will Italy do if the League fails to arrive at a solution of the present problem? Would Italy in any eventuality withdraw from Geneva?" I inquired. "Italy will pursue her aims—with Geneva or without Geneva or against Geneva," was the prompt and vigorous reply. "I cannot believe, however, that taking care of one's own security is contrary to the principles of the covenant." "How can a future world war be avoided? What does the future hold for the League of Nations?" I asked. He paused for a moment and then spoke with special earnestness: "A nation on the march, as the Italian nation is today, cannot be stopped by the static conception which constitutes the greatest danger for world peace. The league, if it desires to live, must be conscious of this danger, which anyhow is envisaged in article 19 and 22 of the covenant." "What is your excellency's opinion of the contention in some quarters that the covenant has modified the convention of 1888 which assured free passage through the Suez canal in times of war as well as peace?" "The covenant," he replied, "is part of the Versailles treaty, which, under article 382, reconfirmed the full force of the convention of 1888." "Would Italy in event of war assume the right to search neutral vessels?" "Italy will in whatever eventuality adhere strictly to the provisions of international law, as she has always done." ### England's Position. The conversation then turned to England's position and I asked the Duce whether he believed England's attitude is prompted altogether by altruistic motives. He replied: "England in the protocols of 1891 and 1894 recognized that almost the whole territory of Ethiopia is included in the sphere of Italian influence. These protocols are still in force, inasmuch as they were confirmed by the tri-partite accord of 1906 between Italy, Britain and France. Britain's interests in connection with the waters of the Nile are likewise specially recognized in the accord reached in 1925 between Ambassador Graham and myself. "This accord was at the time communicated to Geneva. Britain's local interests in Ethiopia are therefore completely safeguarded. The lack of understanding in some British quarters of Italy's legitimate aspirations does not seem therefore to agree with the claim of protecting British interests in Ethiopia." "What measures should be taken to arrest the apparently waning power of the white race?" was my final question. "For years I have been calling the attention of world public opinion to the danger of the growing birth rate among Western peoples. All the world knows how tenaciously the Fascist government has been waging this fight for the increase and improvement of the Italian population. "If the present disturbing depopulation of Occidental nations should be accompanied by renunciation of the right to send civilising missions to peoples who still are in ignorance of no Ethiopian act or situation will touch off the powder of an African war. He offered Italy his province of Aussa, hoping its sale might save his empire from war. He ordered a sharp watch [illegible] ## Column 3 # WILEY POST'S BODY LIES IN STATE IN OKLAHOMA CAPITOL [Photograph: two uniformed honor guards stand at either side of a flag-draped casket banked with floral tributes, beneath a large American flag.] —Photo by Central Press Association. Oklahoma paid final tribute to Wiley Post, its foremost aviator, in the state's capitol at Oklahoma City with impressive ceremonies. The picture was taken in the capitol's rotunda where the airman's body was lying in state under military guard. ## SCENE AT OKLAHOMA'S CAPITOL DURING WILEY POST'S FUNERAL [Photograph: exterior view of the Oklahoma state capitol with a large crowd assembled on the grounds and parked automobiles surrounding the building.] —Photo by Central Press Association. Crowd at the state capitol at Oklahoma City during funeral services for Wiley Post, Oklahoma's foremost aviator who was killed with Will Rogers in an airplane crash near Point Barrow, Alaska. As Governor Marland delivered the state's tribute to the flier, airplanes flew overhead dropping flowers on the casket. ### BRITAIN RUSHES TO DEFEND SUEZ (Continued From Page 1.) the Suez canal, an informant said. On protection and control of that gateway depends the very life of the empire, it was asserted. In the event of war in East Africa, the canal would become a key point. Its closing to warships and transports of combatants is already being discussed. ### Mortal Blow. Such a move, one observer said, would be a mortal blow to Mussolini's East Africa ambitions. During the meeting of the imperial defense committee at No. 10 Downing street today, the problem of Suez canal defense was discussed at length. One report had it that grave concern was expressed over the possibility the Italians might attempt to seize the canal in case of war. The opinion was expressed in both naval and military circles that the fleet alone is incapable of holding the canal. ### Fear Submarines. One of the chief worries of the British is possibility of attack by submarines and aircraft. The admiralty, officials of which have long and publicly lamented the size and condition of the British fleet, was told, the informant said, to hasten the massing in Mediterranean waters of the strongest British naval forces ever assembled there, to establish headquarters at Malta and to be ready for any eventuality. In diplomatic circles the opinion was expressed that the British navy is not prepared to enforce the will of the British government in the Mediterranean and the statement was made that the admiralty had so reported to the cabinet when asked if it is ready for action. ### HAILE TAKES PRECAUTIONS. ADDIS ABABA, Aug. 23.—(*AP*)—Emperor Haile Selassie, who already has decreed death to any Ethiopian who attacks an Italian, took further precautions today to make certain no Ethiopian act or situation will touch off the powder of an African war. He offered Italy his province of Aussa, hoping its sale might save his empire from war. He ordered a sharp watch [illegible] ## Column 4 upon the activities of Italian consulate staffs. He personally directed a roundup of beggars, lepers and chained debtors on Addis Ababa streets and their removal to prevent offense to foreigners. He received assurance American residents would have safe conduct from the country should their evacuation become necessary. ### Tries to Keep Peace. Determined to overlook no detail in his effort to keep peace with Italy, he sent his secretary slouching through the mud of the capital's streets to the Italian legation to express his personal sympathy for Baron Muzzi Falconi, the Italian consul who was critically injured by the accidental discharge of his son's revolver on a hunting trip. The province of Aussa, which the emperor offered Italy, lies between the eastern slope of the Ethiopian uplands and the borders of Eritrea and French Somaliland. Its boundaries are not clearly defined where it merges into the Dosakil province to the north. On the south, however, it ends at the hills which lead up to the heights along which the railroad runs from Addis Ababa toward Djibouti. Its elevation varies from sea level to about 1,000 feet and it is roughly equal in area to its neighbor, French Somaliland. The emperor said that if Italy will accept this province he will apply the proceeds to the abolition of slavery, the building of schools and roads and the establishment of hospitals. While he made overtures to Italy, the emperor ordered close watch of the Italian consulates as a precautionary measure, complaint having been made to him that some of them were staffed beyond the needs of Italian trade or Italian nationals and maintained wireless communication with the governors of Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. GREAT FALLS.—Jack Pearce and his son-in-law, Ed Miller, took a precarious and involuntary ride on a raft in the Missouri river during a storm. The raft broke loose from its mooring while they were fishing and carried them some distance down stream before they could bring it to shore. FRAZER.—Burned when gasoline exploded and injured his hands, legs and feet, James Luckey, 12, son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Luckey, residing south of here, died. He is survived by his parents and 10 brothers and sisters. Paris now permits street dancing [illegible] ## Column 5 # Today and Tomorrow ### By WALTER LIPPMANN ### Basic Recovery. THERE is no time left to consider the various bills which are to be railroaded through congress this week. The bills are to be made into laws and then, as they are administered and interpreted judicially, the country will come to understand them. But, for the time being, there is no opportunity to analyse and to judge them. The ordinary man can reach an opinion about the procedure, about the lack of adequate hearings, the perfunctory debate, the attempt to deal with a dozen big subjects at once, the hurry and the haphazardness. But about the substance, the real effect, the practical consequences of this great gush of new laws, it is not possible to have clear ideas. As a matter of fact, however, the manner in which these laws are being enacted is more important than the substance of any of the bills. The recovery, not so much as it is measured by the statistics, but as it appears in the returning self-reliance of the people, may be counted on now to deal with ill-considered laws, to make them workable, to force amendments or to bring about their repeal. For the essence of recovery in America is the revival of private and of local initiative. Once that revival has occurred, the fundamental balance of the American constitutional system is restored. Private and local energy is there to check centralised and official actions. It is this check, applied by the local communities and by individuals who have confidence in themselves, which is now being applied. It accounts for the growing impatience with the emergency government, with startling announcements and summary action. It is the best evidence we have that the paralysis of the depression, the prostration of the crisis is over. It is a healthy, an inspiring sign. For a beaten, frightened, disorganized, hysterical people cries out for demi-gods to save it. A free and self-reliant people has no doubt that it can save itself. The critical point in Mr. Roosevelt's career will be reached when congress adjourns. For then, with all his program enacted into law, the country will be waiting to learn what course he proposes to take. Does he look on the adjournment of congress as the end of the period of emergency, or does he propose to continue, as long as he is in the White House, to act as if the crisis of 1933 were still with us? If he recognises that the emergency is over, he will do well to say so plainly. But merely to say so will hardly be sufficient. If he is to return to the normal practices of the American government, he will have to do what he has never had time or felt it opportune to do since he took office. He will have to expound clearly and with reasonable definiteness his general social philosophy. Why should it be necessary to speculate about whether he is engaged in substituting some kind of planned collectivism for a free economy? Why should he not take the American people into his confidence and tell them, not in vague phrases but in plain language what he believes? He will also have to say with some definiteness whether the legislative definiteness of the new deal is completed, whether he intends now to devote his main energies to administration or whether there are other large projects still to be put forward. If he is returning to the normal practice, he will review the past and outline his course for the near future in some sort of comprehensive speech which the public can understand and judge. It is only in great crises that democratic leaders have a right to act quickly on sudden announcements of policies. The recovery is sufficiently in sight, the situation is sufficiently settled, to make it now legitimate to require of the president an accounting of great policies and their summary execution. Once a deliberate procedure is restored, once the mood and the method of personal leadership under crises conditions is abandoned, there falls away automatically the only justification there is for the delegation of blanket powers by congress and the signing of blank checks. They can be justified only if there is not time to legislate carefully. If there is time to be careful and in the absence of emergency there is time—blanket powers and blank checks are an abdication of [illegible] (Copyright, 1935, New York Tribune, Inc.) ## Column 6 ### CCC HAS BUILT OVER 100 MILES OF PARK TRAILS WASHINGTON Aug. 23.—(*AP*)—Members of the Civilian Conservation Corps have completed more than 100 miles of foot trails in Glacier National park, Montana, Robert Fechner, director of emergency conservation work, said the trail construction work was carried on for the dual purpose of making beauty spots of the area more accessible to visitors and to aid the park ranger organization in combating forest fires. "Since the cliffs in the park provide natural outlooks from which to view the mountain and lake scenery, the COC men have built trails along the edges of cliffs or just under the edges," said Fechner. "Striking features of rock outcroppings, such as interesting stratifications or moss formations, have been emphasized," he continued. "Each trail has a definite starting point and objective, and the length of the trails have been held to a minimum except for an occasional doubling back to lessen the grade." Trail work in the park announced today by Fechner included: Anaconda creek truck trail, 7 miles, 70 per cent completed; Howe lake, 8.8 miles; Divide creek, 2.5 miles; Boulder ridge, 5 miles; Many Glacier, 5.3 miles, and Two Medicine, 3.5 miles, trails all completed; Bowman lake trail, 16 miles, 90 per cent completed, and North Fort trail, 4 miles, 20 per cent completed. Fechner said maintenance work has been done on the McDonald, Fish creek, Many Glacier, Two Medicine, Snyder ridge headquarters and St. Mary trails. In addition to the trail-building work, COC men have carried on fire hazard reduction work around the Fish creek, Two Medicine, Belton, McDonald creek, Swift Current lake, Many Glacier, Going-to-the-Sun chalets and Lake McDonald areas. ### Butte Death Notices MURPHY—The remains of Frank J. Murphy will be returned to the residence of his mother, Mrs. Ellen Driscoll, 538 East Mercury street, this afternoon. The funeral will take place Monday morning at a time to be announced later. CARD OF THANKS—We wish in this way to express our heartfelt thanks to all our friends and neighbors for their many acts of kindness and for sympathy during the illness and at the time of the death of our beloved husband and father, the late Vincent Orsalo. We especially thank the members of Cristoforo Columbo society, the choir of St. Helen's church and all those who sent the beautiful flowers and spiritual offerings. MRS. MARGARET ORSALO and Family. [advertisement:] DALY—SHEA MORTUARY HOME 101 So. Idaho Phone 3981 HALLORAN—The funeral of the late Peter Halloran will take place from the residence of his brother, Matt Halloran, 1034 Delaware avenue, this (Saturday) morning at 9 o'clock, proceeding to the St. Lawrence church, where requiem high mass will be celebrated at 9:30. Interment in Holy Cross cemetery. ATTENTION, B. P. O. E. No. 240—All members are hereby requested to meet at the Rose room of Duggan's Merrill mortuary tomorrow (Sunday) evening at 8 o'clock, when services will be conducted for our late brother, Joe Mudro. By order of the exalted ruler. MUDRO—The remains of the late Joe Mudro may be viewed in the Rose room of Duggan's Merrill mortuary, from where the funeral will take place Monday morning at 9:30, proceeding to St. Patrick's church, where, requiem high mass will be celebrated at 10 o'clock. Interment in St. Patrick's cemetery. CHAN—The remains of the late Lim Hing Chan are at Duggan's Merrill mortuary pending funeral arrangements. MURPHY—In this city yesterday afternoon, Mrs. Ellen Murphy, aged 73, of the Fox hotel, died at a local hospital after a brief illness. The remains may be viewed in the Shamrock room of Duggan's Merrill mortuary until Sunday afternoon, when they will be removed to the Colonial room, from where the funeral will take place Monday morning at 9 o'clock, proceeding to St. Patrick's church, where requiem high mass will be celebrated at 9:30. Interment in Holy Cross cemetery. BILLINGS.—Crushed against the side of a car while riding on its running board when it collided with another machine, Erwin Fuller, 29, suffered a fractured leg. HELENA—Though early reports indicated a Helena biplane made a forced landing in Boulder canyon without injury to either occupant, it later was learned that Lowell Friesman, passenger, suffered several cracked ribs. BILLINGS.—To conduct a program of civic improvements, the Billings city council has approved the issuance of $250,000 in bonds. If the proposal is approved by the voters at the polls, most of it from the PWA, would be available for the projects. GLACIER PARK—Resting after an energetic campaign in Washington for Montana water conservation funds, Gov. Frank H. Cooney will remain here for several days yet. [advertisement:] Duggan's Merrill Mortuaries PAT R. GAGNER, MANAGER Butte, Montana Phone 2239 212 North Montana LEVANDER—The remains of Levander, aged 48, died yesterday at the family home, 467 East Broadway. The remains are at the Sherman & Reed funeral home. Funeral notice later. CONNELL—Thomas H. Connell, aged 82, died yesterday at the family home, 1626 A street. The remains are at the Sherman & Reed funeral home. Funeral notice later. [advertisement:] LARGE FUNERAL CHAPEL with Family Rooms, Music Room and Wurlitzer Pipe Organ At Without Extra Charge. SHERMAN & REED FUNERAL DIRECTORS Bdwy. & Arzt. Sts. Phone 2221 ## Column 7 # HOUSE APPROVES NEUTRALITY PLAN (Continued From Page 1) tive Wadsworth, republican, New York, wouldn't even go that far. The house was today when he started talking about Italy and Ethiopia. But a blanketed silence fell when he reminded that: "Italy is a great and powerful nation; Ethiopia is utterly lacking in industrial resources." A mandatory embargo against both these countries, he asserted, would mean "that the weak should not be permitted to purchase weapons." "This is an open invitation to the great and powerful to attack the weak," he added. McReynolds objected vehemently to the mandatory feature of the embargo, remarking that even if a foreign nation should attack Mexico or a South American country—"on our doorstep"—the United States could not sell them arms. But few "noes" were heard when the vote came. Even those who wanted to change the legislation apparently were convinced that it was a mandatory, temporary arms embargo or no legislation at all this session. ### $50 REWARD IS OFFERED FOR LEADER OF MONKEY CLAN NOW ON 'VACATION' MASSAPEQUA, N. Y., Aug. 23.—(*AP*)—Spurred by the offer of a $50 reward for "Capone," Long Island citizens hurried to the cocoanut and rice markets today for simian traps. Of the 150 monkeys that escaped from Frank Buck's zoo, 101 were still at large or unaccounted for, and the manager of the zoo, T. J. Loveland, offered the reward for the leader in the belief that his return would cause the remainder to come back voluntarily to their captivity. Many volunteer hunters, who are receiving $2.50 for each live monkey returned, were dropping their butterfly nets, crab cages, potato sacks and other paraphernalia in favor of the cocoanut trap advised by L. R. Nichol, Singapore representative for Buck, who is visiting here. Nichol said a monkey will put its hand through a hole in a cocoanut to get rice. With its fist clenched to hold the rice, the monkey cannot withdraw its hand, and it is too greedy ever to drop the rice and unclench its fist. Then with a cocoanut where a hand ought to be, the monkey can't climb a tree, and can easily be caught. The status of the escape now is: Escaped: 150. Captured: 45. Electrocuted by third rail or high tension wires: Four. Unaccounted for: 101. WILSALL.—Nearly 5,500 head of sheep were loaded here for shipment to the Iowa Livestock Marketing association in Des Moines. They are part of a 21,000-head purchase of feeders to be sent to the Hawkeye state. [advertisement:] Jos. Richards INC. Funeral Home GEO. T. WADE - FRED I. ROOT 15-19 South Montana Street. PHONE 7252, BUTTE. [advertisement:] White's Funeral Home FUNERAL DIRECTORS AND EMBALMERS 307 WEST PARK STREET New Dial Phone 2-2122 ## Peripheral items - Masthead line at top: "MONTANA STANDARD, BUTTE, SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 24, 1935." with page number "2" at upper left. - Display advertisement (column 1, foot): Teacher's "Highland Cream" Scotch Whisky, "The Right Spirit," with image of bearded Scotsman; sole U. S. agents Schieffelin & Co., New York. - Advertisement (column 6): Daly–Shea Mortuary Home, 101 So. Idaho, Phone 3981. - Advertisement (column 6): Duggan's Merrill Mortuaries, Pat R. Gagner Manager, 212 North Montana, Phone 2239. - Advertisement (column 6): Sherman & Reed Funeral Directors, Bdwy. & Arzt. Sts., Phone 2221, noting "Large Funeral Chapel with Family Rooms, Music Room and Wurlitzer Pipe Organ." - Advertisement (column 7): Jos. Richards Inc. Funeral Home, Geo. T. Wade – Fred I. Root, 15-19 South Montana Street, Phone 7252. - Advertisement (column 7): White's Funeral Home, 307 West Park Street, New Dial Phone 2-2122. - Brief state news items interspersed: Great Falls (Pearce/Miller raft incident), Frazer (death of James Luckey, 12), Wilsall (sheep shipment), Billings (Erwin Fuller injury; $250,000 bond issuance), Helena (Friesman biplane forced landing), Glacier Park (Gov. Cooney's return). - "Butte Death Notices" column with notices for Murphy, Halloran, Mudro, Chan, Murphy (Mrs. Ellen), Levander, Connell, and a B.P.O.E. No. 240 lodge notice; plus Orsalo family card of thanks.