The Butte Miner, 1915-03-16, p.1

**ONLY MORNING NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED IN BUTTE—IT COVERS THE ENTIRE NORTHWEST** # THE BUTTE MINER WEATHER TODAY — Rain or snow. WEATHER TOMORROW — Fair. VOL. LII.—NO. 176. BUTTE, MONTANA, TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH 16, 1915. ESTABLISHED 1876. # GREAT BRITAIN FORMALLY NOTIFIES UNITED STATES OF INTENTION TO PREVENT COMMODITIES OF ANY KIND REACHING OR LEAVING GERMANY ## Column 1 # WASHINGTON TOLD HOW ALLIES PLAN TO DO IT ### Scheme Differs From Blockades of History in That Seized Cargoes Will Be Sold, Proceeds Eventually Going to Owners—English Agree to Lift "Blockade" if Any Nation Will Certify That Ships Under Its Flag Are Not Carrying Goods to Germany. London, March 15.—(9:45 p. m.)—Great Britain made known to the world today in a formal proclamation, signed in council by the king and issued from Buckingham palace, how she proposes to sever all the arteries of sea commerce to and from Germany during the period of the war. As in Premier Asquith's speech forecasting the order, the term "blockade" is not used and no prohibited area is defined. Nevertheless, the text of the order makes plain England's purpose—to prevent commodities of any kind from reaching or leaving Germany during the war. British officials tonight frankly called the movement a blockade, the foreign office describing it as an effective blockade, differing from effective blockades of history only in that the property seized will not be confiscated outright, but sold, the proceeds eventually going to the owners. In the last clause of the proclamation is the proposal most interesting to neutrals. This is a flat agreement to lift the "blockade" in case any nation will certify that the ships flying its flag should not carry goods to Germany, or originating therein or belonging to the subjects of the German empire. It is notable that the order declares no intention to capture ships proceeding to and from the countries of Germany's allies, Austria and Turkey, the reason being, no doubt, that the measure is avowedly a reprisal against the German submarine warfare. **Maintain Cordon of Ships.** However, a cordon of ships will be maintained to shut off the commerce of German ports and regulate trade in the war zone, although ships voyaging eastward across the Atlantic will, it is expected, be seized before they reach the North sea. **British Plan of Procedure.** When a neutral vessel is held up, in all cases, except where there is a fase declaration of destination or other attempt at subterfuge, the cargo only will be seized. A copy of the order in council was handed to the American ambassador tonight for transmission to Washington. **Speed Will Be Sought.** The foreign office emphasizes the fact that wide discretion is allowed prize court officials handling neutral claims. Prominent officials urge upon neutral governments to bear in mind that many powers are conferred by the order on the officers entrusted with the disposition of detained cargoes and instructions will be given these men to act with the greatest dispatch consistent with the proper performance of their tasks. **Regulations Are Elastic.** The elasticity of the order insofar as it affects neutrals is pointed out by the foreign office, which has called attention from the first announcement of the reprisal policy to the fact that the regulations are not inflexible where the rights of neutrals are concerned. **Language Is Typical.** While the order is absolute insofar as ships to and from German ports are concerned, using the word "must" in stipulating how goods shall be discharged in English ports, the provisions concerning cargoes destined for neutral ports set forth that they "may be required to discharge" at British ports. This language is typical of the general attitude of British officials toward neutral trade. **Text of Order.** The text of the order in council follows: "Whereas, The German government has issued certain orders which are in violation of the usages of war, purporting to declare that the waters surrounding the British isles are a military area in which all British and allied merchant vessels will be destroyed, irrespective of the safety and lives of passengers and the crews, and in which neutral shipping will be exposed to similar danger, in view of the uncertainties of naval warfare. **Neutrals Warned.** "And whereas, In the memorandum accompanying the said orders neutrals are warned against entrusting crews, passengers or goods to British or allied ships. "And whereas, Such attempts on the part of the enemy give to his majesty an unquestionable right of retaliation; "And whereas, His majesty, therefore, has determined to adopt further measures in order to prevent commodities of any kind from reaching or leaving Germany, although such measures will be enforced without risk to neutral ships or to neutral or noncombatant life, and in strict observance of the dictates of humanity; "And whereas, The allies of his majesty are associated with him in the steps now to be announced for restricting further the commerce of Germany, his majesty is therefore pleased, by and with the advice of his privy council, to order, and it is ordered as follows: **British Orders.** "First—No merchant vessel which sailed from her port of departure after March 1, 1915, shall be allowed to proceed on her voyage to any German port. Unless this vessel receives a pass enabling her to proceed to some neutral or allied port, to be named in the pass, the goods on board any such vessel must be discharged in a British port and placed in custody of the marshal of the prize court. Goods so discharged, if not contraband of war, shall, if not requisitioned for the use of his majesty, be restored by order of the court and upon such terms as the court may, in the circumstances, deem just to the person entitled thereto. "Second—No merchant vessel which sailed from any German port after March 1, 1915, shall be allowed to proceed on her voyage with any goods on board laden at such port. All goods laden at such ports must be discharged in a British or allied port. Goods so discharged in a British port shall be placed in the custody of the marshal of the prize court, and if not requisitioned for the use of his majesty, shall be dealt with as the court may, in the circumstances, deem just to the person entitled thereto. "The proceeds of the goods so sold shall be paid into the court and dealt with in such manner as the court may, in the circumstances, deem just to be just, provided that no proceeds of the sale of such goods shall be paid out of the court until the conclusion of peace, except [illegible] (Continued on Page Nine—Col. Six.) --- ### Irish Volunteers to Parade in Their Civilian Attire; Refute Mayor's Insinuations Acquiescing to the request of Mayor C. A. Smith as to not carrying arms in the forthcoming St. Patrick's day parade, and yet taking decided exception to his insinuations regarding the exact attitude and real patriotism of the organization, the Irish Volunteers of Butte, at a meeting last night, officially decided not to appear in the parade in uniform or carrying their regular organization arms, but to march in civilian attire. The following letter of reply from President James J. Murphy of the Ancient Order of Hibernians to Mayor Smith speaks very forcibly for itself and is as follows: "Butte, Mont. March 15, 1915. "Hon. Clarence A. Smith, Mayor of the City of Butte, State of Montana. "Dear Sir: Replying to your letter of this day I wish to state that you have been misinformed as to the purpose of the St. Patrick's day parade. It is not intended as a Teutonic demonstration against the allies, or anyone else. In several similar occasions in the past the Austrian societies, in part, paraded with the Ancient Order of Hibernians, and why not now? "Furthermore, citizens of Irish, German and Austrian extractions have made an earnest effort to live up to President Wilson's request for an absolute neutrality in this struggle. We, as citizens of Irish extractions, will, I am sure, continue to do so. "Your appeal to the men who contemplate taking part in the parade to refrain from disorderly or offensive conduct is altogether unnecessary. For 40 (Continued on Page Three—Col. One.) ## Column 2 *Goeben, Mainstay of Turkish Fleet, Reported to Have Struck Mine and Been Beached* [photograph of warship] # WASHINGTON TO MAKE STRONG PROTEST TO BRITISH ### English Embargo on All Commerce Between Germany and Neutral Countries Condemned. ## IS WITHOUT PRECEDENT ### Hopes of President for an Early Improvement in Shipping Conditions Go Glimmering. Washington, March 15.—Great Britain's order in council explaining her embargo on all commerce between Germany and neutral countries was received with such evident disappointment by high officials of the United States government that a strong protest against its terms was considered by official quarters as certain to be made soon. **"High Handed."** Senator Hoke Smith, who saw President Wilson late today, said afterward that the British order in council was "high handed and utterly intolerable." The arrival of the British order, together with news of the flat rejection by Great Britain and her allies of the informal proposals of the United States for the abandonment by Germany of her submarine warfare if England permitted foodstuffs to go to the civilian population of enemy countries, destroyed the hopes of President Wilson and his advisers for the early improvement of conditions for the neutral commerce of the world. With much interest the official text was awaited of the reply from Great Britain to the war zone and food supply proposals. Germany's acceptance of practically all the American suggestions had raised the expectations of officials that the allies might do likewise. The United States government had undertaken to guarantee that the foodstuffs would be distributed only to the civilian population of Germany through the supervision of authorized American organizations. While the British order in council explains some of the points made in the note of inquiry from the United States concerning prohibitions on commercial intercourse between Germany and the United States, the fact that an additional memorandum, not yet received here, had been given to Ambassador Page, left the hope that dyestuffs would be exempted from the prohibitions as requested in the American note and that further details as to shipments of cotton would be furnished. **Without Precedent.** Officials said that no steps would be taken until the order's provisions had been studied carefully, but it was pointed out that the effect on American commerce was far reaching and that there was no precedent for Great Britain's action. Summed up, officials interpreted the British order as meaning that without enforcing a blockade on the German coast itself, but by stopping American ships anywhere on the high seas, cargoes destined for Germany would be taken into prize courts for interminable litigation. This would particularly affect the shipment of cotton and other articles hitherto listed as non-contraband and would prevent also the importation of dyestuffs from Germany, so necessary for American industries. **Displeasing to Officials.** Perhaps more displeasing to officials than any other part of the British or- (Continued on Page Seven—Col. One.) ## Column 3 [photograph of warship engaged in combat with smoke billowing] *German cruiser Dresden sent to bottom.* (Special Cable International News Service.) New York, March 15.—A cablegram, received from Athens tonight, says that it is reported that the former German cruiser Goeben, and the most powerful warship of the Turkish war fleet in the Sea of Marmora, had struck a mine and had been beached. With the Goeben out of the way, the Black sea fleet of the Russians is the more powerful. # REGULATORS OF TRADE TODAY TAKE OATH ### Federal Commission With Far-Reaching Supervisory Powers Over Business to Come Into Being. Washington, March 15.—The second great governmental agency created by congress since the administration of President Wilson began will come into being at noon tomorrow when Joseph E. Davies of Wisconsin, Edward N. Hurley of Illinois, William J. Harris of Georgia, William H. Parry of Washington and George Rublee of New Hampshire, are sworn in as members of the federal trade commission with far-reaching powers of supervision over American business enterprises. **Purpose of Commission.** The declared purpose of the commission, set forth in its creative act, is, to establish regulated competition among concerns engaged in interstate transactions and to investigate trade matters in foreign countries as they may affect foreign trade in the United States. This latter duty, President Wilson said in a speech at Indianapolis two months ago, endows the commission with the powers of a tariff board. **Davies Will Be Chairman.** With the exception of Mr. Rublee, all the commissioners have been confirmed by the senate. Mr. Rublee will hold office six years. Mr. Harris five years and Mr. Parry four years. Mr. Rublee's nomination failed of confir- (Continued on Page Two—Col. Six.) ## Column 4 # REVERSALS AND RETREATS OF THE ALLIES TOLD OF ### Notable Official Historical Review of War From Its Beginning Up to End of January. ## SETBACKS EXPLAINED ### Failures in Early Part of Hostilities Due to Time It Required to Bring Up British Forces. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) London, March 5.—The Associated Press has received a historical review, emanating from French official sources of the operations in the western theater of war from its beginning up to the end of January—the first six months of the war. It is long, detailed and in some respects, technical in the military sense; but it contains matter of absorbing interest, both for the layman and the expert. **Joffre's Plans Set Forth.** The plans of General Joffre are set forth and explanations given as to how and why they could not always be carried out, how they were modified from time to time and in what manner they were successful. **To Be Given in Installments.** The papers are too long to permit of their being given otherwise than in installments which will be continued from time to time. It should be understood that the narrative is made purely from the French standpoint. The first of the installments of the document is as follows: **Chapter I.** "The French Smash in August." "The first month of the campaign began with successes and finished with defeats for the French troops. "Under what circumstances did these come about? **Operations in Alsace.** "Our plan of concentration had foreseen the possibility of two principal actions—the one on the right between the Vosges and the Moselle, the other on the left to the north of the Verdun-Toul line—this double possibility involving the eventual variation of our transport. Aug. 2, owing to the Germans passing through Belgium, our concentration was subsequently modified by General Joffre, in order that our principal effort might be carried to the north. **Failure Explained.** "From the first week in August, it was apparent that the length of time required from the British army to begin to move would delay our action in connection with it. This delay is one of the reasons which explain our failures at the end of August. "Awaiting the moment when operations in the north could begin and to prepare for it by retaining in Alsace the greatest possible number of German forces, the general in chief of these armies sent our troops to occupy Muelhausen, then to cut the bridges of the Rhine at Huningue, and then to flank the attack of our troops operating in Lorraine. This operation was badly carried out by a leader, who was at once relieved of his command. Our troops after having carried Muelhausen, lost it and were thrown back (Continued on Page Two—Col. Six.) ## Column 5 # HE'LL CONTINUE FIGHTING THE ALLIES ### Kaiser Will Not Sheath Sword Until Peace Guarantees Have Been Obtained. London, March 15.—(9:40 p. m.)—A Reuter dispatch from Berlin by way of Amsterdam quotes the German minister of the interior, and Vice-Chancellor Clemens Del Brueck, as declaring in a speech in the upper chamber Germany's intentions to continue the war until she obtained the guarantees she desired. **Must Have Guarantees.** "If we were satisfied merely with repelling the enemy," said the vice-chancellor, "we should soon have peace. But we cannot rest satisfied with that alone; we shall not sheath the sword until we obtain guarantees that our enemies will not attack us again. Discussion of these guarantees at the present moment would not further German interests." **All Elements United.** Herr Del Brueck spoke after the upper chamber had adopted the budget without discussion. He said, was unprecedented, adding: "It shows that all partisan elements are now united by a firm determination to win the war which has been forced upon us. "Our enemies have been repeatedly defeated by our victorious troops," continued the vice-chancellor, "and they now are going to try and starve us, wa[g?]ing war against our women (Continued on Page Seven—Col. Five.) ## Column 6 # DRESDEN SUNK AFTER NAVAL FIGHT FIVE MINUTES LONG ### British Admiralty's Report Apparently Indicates That English Ships Were Not Even Hurt. ## NEW RECORDS MADE ### Sea Fight Believed to Be World's Shortest, Despite Which All the Crew Are Saved. London, March 15.—(11:00 p. m.)—"The Dresden Has Been Sunk." "The British Are Holding the Germans in Their Efforts to Retake Neuve Chapelle and Epinette." "Russians Continue in Possession of Przasnysz." These were the headlines which attracted the attention of the English people today and tonight. The announcement of the sinking of the German cruiser Dresden came after nightfall, but the news spread quickly through the theaters and restaurants, and there was much rejoicing that this commerce raider, whose whereabouts have been a mystery since her escape after the Falkland Islands engagement in December, had at last been sent to the bottom. The fact that all of the crew of the Dresden were saved, sets a new record for rescue after an action at sea, and a naval battle of five minutes' duration probably is another record. The details furnished by the admiralty are scant, but apparently the British ships were not even hit, for no damage whatever is recorded. The sinking of the Dresden was announced by the admiralty tonight in the following statement: **Admiralty's Statement.** "On the fourteenth of March at 9:00 a. m., H. M. S. Glasgow, Capt. John Luce, R. N.; H. M. auxiliary cruiser Orama, Capt. John E. Segrave, R. N., and H. M. S. Kent, Capt. John D. Allen, C. B., R. N., caught the Dresden near Juan Fernandez island. "An action ensued and after five minutes' fighting the Dresden hauled down her colors and displayed the white flag. She was much damaged and set on fire, and after she had been burning for some time her magazines exploded and she sank. The crew was saved, 15 badly wounded. Germans are being landed at Valparaiso. "There was no British casualties and no damage to the ship." In the region of Przasnysz, Russian Poland, the great battle has not yet been fought and what fighting there has been each of the contenders maintains is turning in his favor. The Russians are claiming hard earned progress all along the line; the Germans just as stoutly assert that the Russian attacks have been repulsed. In the west the Germans are not so optimistic regarding Neuve Chapelle, as they omit in their official statements any mention of the fighting there, although they have been bringing up reinforcements and are fighting desperately to retake the ground from which they were driven with such loss. There is no British statement to throw light on the present situation, but the French war office says there has been no change. **British Giving Some Ground.** Meanwhile the Germans are keeping up their attacks on the British near Ypres, the ground made famous last fall. Before these attacks the British have been giving way to some extent. This fact is asserted by the Germans and admitted by the French. It is believed that another sanguinary engagement will be fought near Neuve Chapelle. The Germans are seeking to advance the British in this vicinity around Ypres and probably the coming battle will necessitate reinforcements. **Lord Kitchener Optimistic.** Earl Kitchener, secretary for war, in a speech in the house of lords today, referred optimistically to the military situation in general from the allies' viewpoint, but he complained of the slowness with which munitions of war are being turned out. He empha- (Continued on Page Nine—Col. Seven.) --- ## Peripheral items - Masthead slogan top of page: "ONLY MORNING NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED IN BUTTE—IT COVERS THE ENTIRE NORTHWEST" - Weather boxes flanking masthead: "WEATHER TODAY — Rain or snow." and "WEATHER TOMORROW — Fair." - Volume/issue and date line: VOL. LII.—NO. 176. BUTTE, MONTANA, TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH 16, 1915. ESTABLISHED 1876. - Photograph at top center: profile/broadside view of the Turkish/German warship Goeben, with caption "Goeben, Mainstay of Turkish Fleet, Reported to Have Struck Mine and Been Beached" - Photograph mid-page center: action scene of a warship under attack with smoke and shellfire, captioned "German cruiser Dresden sent to bottom." No advertisements, classifieds, or unrelated short items appear on this front page; the page is entirely devoted to war news headlines and the Irish Volunteers parade item.